Back in the mid-80s, ‘indie’ was a confusing thing: not a style of music, just an abbreviation. Literally short for ‘independent’, the ‘indie charts’ would be topped by the Jesus And Mary Chain one week (then signed to fledgling indie label Creation) and Kylie Minogue the week after (she was on the rather more established indie label PWL). Your typical cardigan-wearing Smiths fan would walk into their student union’s Nelson Mandela bar, quickly sign a petition pledging solidarity with the Sandanistas, before flopping on a sofa with the NME to read this month’s indie chart – only to discover that Inspiral Carpets had been kept off the number one spot by Rick fucking Astley! Where was the petition for that?
So indie kids were confused. They were happy being indie kids, but their charts were full of all these interlopers – manufactured pop stars who just happened to be on an ‘indie’ label. St Etienne’s Bob Stanley identified 1986 as the point where notions of indie were finally nailed: when the NME gave away a free cassette tape called C86. Featuring bands like Primal Scream (in their earliest and feyest incarnation), Shop Assistants, the Wedding Present, Weather Prophets etc, C86 began to define what ‘indie’ meant: jingle-jangly guitars, sensitive lyrics, floppy fringes, and an anti-rock aesthetic that expunged riffs, solos and macho posturing in favour of handkerchief-wringing sensitivity.
Towards the end of the 80s, and largely through a renaissance in American rock – bands like the Pixies, Dinosaur Jr, Jane’s Addiction – indie began to be known as ‘alternative’. Indie’s cardigan-wearing cosiness – the thing that had led entire nightclubs of students to sitting on the dancefloor when the DJ spun James’ Sit Down – had been replaced by something darker, sexier and much more rock. ‘Alternative’ was a more accurate title than ‘indie’: not only did it mean that not all bands had to be on an independent label, but it acknowledged the contrary nature of the alt-rocker. The unspoken truth was that indie/alternative fans liked anything, as long as nobody else liked it.
Bands grouped under the banner ‘alternative’ borrowed from punk, from metal, from country (in Dinosaur Jr’s case, all at the same time). As bands, they often sounded nothing like each other. What they had in common was a distain for the mainstream, even mainstream rock (then defined by Guns N’ Roses and Bon Jovi). It didn’t last for long, just making it out of the 80s to 1991, when the success of Nirvana’s Nevermind meant that the alternative had become the mainstream. It’s pretty much been that way ever since.